Collagen-D-apml

=   = =    = =    = = Collagen   =  

By: Anna Plastina and Mackenzie Larsen === <span style="font-size: 170%; background-color: rgb(30, 26, 26)"><span style="font-size: 130%; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: rgb(247, 75, 230)">     === <span style="font-size: 160%; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif">

=== <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 130%; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center; display: block">Technical Name: Collagen   === === <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 130%; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center; display: block">Common Name: Collagen   ===



<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: right"> <span style="font-size: 140%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive"><span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif">  <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: rgb(255, 0, 35)"> <span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif">Collagen is made up of a triple helix structure. It's basic structural unit is a long, thin protein that is made up of three coiled chains. Each of these chains consists of 1050 amino acids          <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 140%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive"> <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: rgb(255, 0, 35)"> Some collagen acts differently than other types and is mainly due to the varying strands of these proteins. <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 140%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive"> <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: rgb(255, 0, 35)"> <span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif"> <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 140%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive"> <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: rgb(255, 0, 35)">       <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 140%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive"> <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: rgb(255, 0, 35)">        <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 140%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive"> <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: rgb(255, 0, 35)"> <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 130%; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: rgb(237, 38, 38); text-align: center; display: block">Collagen's method of linking monuments is condensation. It is made up of a sequence of amino acids. Glycine is found every third part of the polymer and proline makes up 9% of collagen. <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: right">

<http://courses.cm.utexas.edu/jrobertus/ch339k/overheads-1/Collagen-Hbonds.jpg>   <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: right">        <span style="font-size: 130%; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: rgb(237, 38, 38); text-align: center; display: block">      <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 130%; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: rgb(237, 38, 38); text-align: center; display: block">            <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 130%; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: rgb(237, 38, 38); text-align: center; display: block">      <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 140%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive"> <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: rgb(255, 0, 35)"> The triple helix structure contains three basic amino acids: glycine, proline, and hydroxyproline. The pattern goes glycine, proline, and X, with X being any amino acids. Specific amino acids cause specific functions for the collagen. Hydrogen bonds hold the helix structure together by linking peptide bonds and this is how the three strands are connected to each other. <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 140%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive"> <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: rgb(255, 0, 35)">

<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 130%; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: rgb(237, 38, 38); text-align: center; display: block"> <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 140%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive"> <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: rgb(255, 0, 35)">        <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 140%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive"> <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: rgb(255, 0, 35)">         <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 130%; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: rgb(237, 38, 38); text-align: center; display: block"> Inside the collagen molecule... three peptide chains, called prepocollagen, are formed single peptides are attached to each end. The peptides and amino acids are joined together in a triple helical formation. <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 130%; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: rgb(237, 38, 38); text-align: center; display: block">

The Characteristics! Physical.. -polymer is shaped in triple helical structure with three monomers - these three amino acids monomers are tightly bonded they look like a single monomer - ELASTICITY - collagen has multiple hydrogen bonds that, with pressure, can be broken; when the pressure is realised the bonds are reetracted; looks like molecule is being stretched

Chemical.... - cross linking is done in this polymer - the molecule has a greater length (which means a greater strength) - oxygen side of molecule is very eletrongative, the three helicies are bonded together strongly - three seperate monomers, looking like one because they are so strongly attatched <span style="color: rgb(21, 15, 15)"><span style="background-color: rgb(235, 25, 25)"><span style="font-size: 140%; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: rgb(246, 44, 44)">        <span style="color: rgb(21, 15, 15)"><span style="background-color: rgb(235, 25, 25)"><span style="font-size: 140%; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: rgb(246, 44, 44)"> <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 130%; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: rgb(237, 38, 38); text-align: center; display: block">          <span style="color: rgb(21, 15, 15)"><span style="background-color: rgb(235, 25, 25)"><span style="font-size: 140%; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: rgb(246, 44, 44)"><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="display: block; text-align: left; font-size: 130%; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif">        <span style="color: rgb(21, 15, 15)"><span style="background-color: rgb(235, 25, 25)"><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 140%; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: rgb(246, 44, 44)">  <span style="background-color: rgb(242, 38, 38)">   <span style="background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250)">  <span style="background-color: rgb(242, 38, 38)">   <span style="color: rgb(29, 27, 27)"><span style="color: rgb(239, 57, 57); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)"> <span style="background: rgb(242, 38, 38) none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 115%"> <span style="color: rgb(239, 57, 57); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)"><span style="color: rgb(245, 66, 66)"><span style="font-size: 150%; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; background-color: rgb(252, 59, 59)">  <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 140%; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: rgb(246, 44, 44)">



<span style="color: rgb(241, 55, 55)"> Collagen is a natural polymer and the primary component of cartilage, ligaments, bone, tendon, and teeth. It controls the strength and elasticity of the skin as well- and it is involved in the development of tissue.

<span style="color: rgb(250, 20, 20)">As well as what collagen is naturally involved in, it also has many  <span style="color: rgb(250, 20, 20)"> commercial uses. Collagen is a main component in cosmetic surgery. It also used to make gelatin which is has use in food,  <span style="color: rgb(250, 20, 20)">    pharmaceutical, and cosmetic items. <span style="color: rgb(250, 20, 20)"> <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="display: block; font-size: 160%; text-align: left; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: rgb(24, 22, 22)">

Citations: (for more information about collagen- visit these sites!!)

N. Madison. "What is Collagen?". __Wisegeek.com__ 2003-2008. Conjecture Corporation. 16 May 2008. < [|http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-collagen.htm <span] style="font-family: Calibri">>.

Unknown author. "Integrating Cells into Tissue". __Molecular Cell Biology.__ 2000. W H Freedman and Company. <[|http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=mcb.section.6542>.]

Harrison, Karl. "Collagen (Molecule of the Month for July 2005)". __Collagen at 3D chem.com.__ 2005-2007. Karl Harrison. <[|http://www.3dchem.com/molecules.asp?ID=195>.]

Picture links: http://wwwfac.mcdaniel.edu/Chemistry/CH3321JPGs/Proteins/Collagen.jpg

http://courses.cm.utexas.edu/jrobertus/ch339k/overheads-1/Collagen-Hbonds.jpg

[|http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/1K6F_Crystal_Structure_Of_The_Collagen_Triple_Helix_Model_Pro-_Pro-Gly103_02.p]ng/800px-1K6F_Crystal_Structure_Of_The_Collagen_Triple_Helix_Model_Pro-_Pro-Gly103_02.png

<span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"">http://courses.cm.utexas.edu/jrobertus/ch339k/overheads-1/Collagen-Hbonds.jpg

http://www.lifecellskin.com/